{:en}Food Sovereignty for Livingston, Guatemala{:}{:es}Soberanía alimentaria para Livingston, Guatemala{:}

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Community farms feed and empower the people of Livingston.

Two peoples call home to Livingston: the Garifuna (afro-Caribbeans) and the Q’echi (indigenous Mayans). While each has their unique culture, language and neighborhoods, such differences are superficial, like the colors of their skin. Looking at deeper at human truths, at the universal struggle for land and food, the two peoples have much more in common, like the colors of their flag.

  1. Both flags represent crops. The yellow, white and black of the Garifuna flag, according to one interpretation, represent banana, coconut and cassava, the three staples of the Garifuna diet. The red, yellow, white and black of the Q’echi flag represent the four varieties of corn, sacred to the Maya.
  2. Both histories represent migration. Both peoples fled to Livingston escaping conflict and oppression: The Garifuna from in British empire in the 1700’s and the Q’echi from the Guatemalan military in the 1970’s. In both cases, Livingston became their refuge, their new hope to rebuild…. and regrow.
  3. Both survived through agriculture. From the milpa of the Q’echi to the banana/coconut plantations of the Garifuna, their agricultural knowledge and skill allowed the ancestors of Livingston to produce, to sustain themselves, to thrive, and to be economically (and politically) sovereign.
In honor of power through (agricultural) knowledge, we planted the 1st Garden of the Livingston Food Sovereignty Project.

Sean from Contour Lines, interns from Wubu, and a class of 26 from the Livingston Girls’ School, gathered to plant a community garden at ONEGUA’s Garifuna Cultural Center on September 10th.

Wallas Ruiz of ENCA teaches contour lines to Livingston students.

The students, a mix of both Garifuna and Q’echi descendants, learned to mark contour lines, mulch, and plant cassava, banana and chaya [mayan spinach]. Most importantly they learned the powerful significance of these skills, how to use land productively and sustainably, to feed and empower themselves and their communities, to enrich themselves rather than the first world. Afterall, control of food is [one reason] why some countries are so rich while others so poor.

Unloading foreign garbage at the Livingston dock.

For example, US companies export Coca Cola and Fritos (mostly plastic along with processed sugar and oil, which we may accurately call garbage). Communities like Livingston import it. The foreign companies get Livingston’s money, Livingston gets the companies’ garbage. That’s the exchange. Giving away hard-earned money, money and more money, while importing garbage, garbage and more garbage.

That’s not a winning formula over time…

Students mulching the community garden.
Students marking contour lines.

But if we grow our own food, we can be free of that. As both Garifuna and Q’echi forefathers understood, agriculture means self-sufficiency, which means the difference between prosperity and poverty, between freedom and servitude.

Communities that produce their own food are independent, resilient and powerful. They are also far healthier, both their bodies and their lands.

More about Contour Lines Corp.

Check out other Contour Lines projects:

Don Adolfo Project: Pasture to Agroforestry
Tatín Village Project – Round 1 and Round 2
Wubu: Model for Rural Development
Bamboo Replanting on the “Dry Hills” at Wubu
Contour Terraces in Minca, Colombia
Swales at Thrive Upstate

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Las granjas comunitarias alimentan y empoderan a la gente de Livingston.

Dos pueblos llaman hogar a Livingston: los garífunas (afrocaribeños) y los q’echi (mayas indígenas). Si bien cada uno tiene su cultura, idioma y vecindarios únicos, tales diferencias son superficiales, como los colores de su piel. Mirando más profundamente las verdades humanas, la lucha universal por la tierra y la comida, los dos pueblos tienen mucho más en común, como los colores de su bandera.

  1. Ambas banderas representan cultivos. El amarillo, el blanco y el negro de la bandera garífuna, según una interpretación, representan el plátano, el coco y la yuca, los tres alimentos básicos de la dieta garífuna. El rojo, amarillo, blanco y negro de la bandera Q’echi representan las cuatro variedades de maíz, sagradas para los mayas.
  2. Ambas historias representan la migración. Ambos pueblos huyeron a Livingston para escapar del conflicto y la opresión: los garífunas del imperio británico en la década de 1700 y los q’echi del ejército guatemalteco en la década de 1970. En ambos casos, Livingston se convirtió en su refugio, su nueva esperanza de reconstruir … y de recrecer.
  3. Ambos sobrevivieron a través de la agricultura. Desde la milpa de los Q’echi hasta las plantaciones de plátanos / cocoteros de los garífunas, su conocimiento y habilidad agrícolas permitieron a los antepasados ​​de Livingston producir, mantenerse, prosperar y ser económicamente (y políticamente) soberanos.
En honor al poder a través del conocimiento (agrícola), plantamos el 1er Jardín del Proyecto de Soberanía Alimentaria de Livingston.

Sean de Contour Lines, pasantes de Wubu, y una clase de 26 de la Livingston Girls ‘School, se reunieron para plantar un jardín comunitario en el Centro Cultural Garifuna de ONEGUA el 10 de septiembre.

Los estudiantes, una mezcla de descendientes garífunas y q’echi, aprendieron a marcar líneas de contorno, mantillo y plantar mandioca, plátano y chaya [espinaca maya]. Lo más importante es que aprendieron el poderoso significado de estas habilidades, cómo usar la tierra de manera productiva y sostenible, para alimentarse y empoderarse a sí mismos y a sus comunidades, para enriquecerse a sí mismos en lugar del primer mundo. Después de todo, el control de los alimentos es [una razón] por la que algunos países son tan ricos mientras que otros son tan pobres.

Por ejemplo, las compañías estadounidenses exportan Coca Cola y Fritos (principalmente de plástico junto con azúcar y aceite procesados, que podemos llamar con precisión basura). Comunidades como Livingston lo importan. Las empresas extranjeras obtienen el dinero de Livingston, Livingston obtiene la basura de las empresas. Ese es el intercambio. Regalando dinero duramente ganado, dinero y más dinero, mientras importa basura, basura y más basura.

 Esa no es una fórmula ganadora con el tiempo …

Pero si cultivamos nuestra propia comida, podemos ser libres de eso. Como los antepasados ​​Garifuna y Q’echi entendieron, la agricultura significa autosuficiencia, lo que significa la diferencia entre prosperidad y pobreza, entre libertad y servidumbre.

Las comunidades que producen sus propios alimentos son independientes, resistentes y poderosas. También son mucho más saludables, tanto sus cuerpos como sus tierras.

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Tatín Village Project – Round 2

[Round 2 covers projects completed in November (2020). For the projects completed in June (2020), see Tatín Village Project – Round 1.]
Video for Round 2 crowdfunding campaign, “Food Forests for Tatín Village.”

Back in November, Contour Lines and the people of Tatín Village continued with the food forest projects. The next round built upon the achievements of the previous round, both the successful installation of the food forests and the crowdfunding campaign that surpassed its target .

Furthermore, the interest among community members expanded beyond the capacity of Round 1 to employ, train and provide the fruit trees. So Round 2 expanded accordingly. Our strategy of worker-to-owner means the workers of Round 1 are now the owners of their own projects for Round 2. And the 12 workers they selected for Round 2 will eventually become project owners of Round 3. The crowdfunding video above explains the strategy.

There are many who have seen this work and like it a lot; many who are interested… So I want it to continue moving forward.

Higinio Chub Ax, Round 1 Owner

Round 2 expands the existing project scale threefold, including:

  • 600 fruit trees (combinations of mango, avocado, lime, orange and rambutan as selected by the project owners)
  • 1,800 support trees (namely inga edulis and gliricidia sepium for mulch, firewood, and to fortify the erosion-control lines)
  • 9 acres total (formerly erosive, chemical, corn monocultures converted to organic agro-reforestation)
  • 60 man-days of labor for 12 new worker-trainees

The Benefits of these projects span the economic-environmental-social trifecta. The article on Tatín Village Project – Round 1 explains them in detail.

Documents of Interest:
1. See the Contract signed by the project recipients
2. See the Full budget report



See More Projects:
Tatin Village Project – Round 2
Don Adolfo Project:
Pasture to Agroforestry

Wubu: Model for Rural Development
Contour Terraces in Minca, Colombia
Swales at Thrive Upstate

Tatín Village Projects – Round 1

Part 1 covers the first round of projects, completed June 3rd. For the second round of projects, beginning in November, see Tatín Village Project – Round 2.
Contents
  1. Introduction
  2. Objectives
  3. Updates
  4. Budget (initial and updated)
  5. Further Links
Sean of Contour Lines Corp. meeting with Tatín community members to plan their agroforestry projects.

Introduction
On May 29th, we began installing three agroforestry projects on community lands around Tatín Village, near Livingston, Guatemala.

Each project site includes 100 fruit trees—combinations of mango, avacado, rambutan, lime and orange, as chosen by the project owners—each on roughly one acre of former cornfield, planted on contour and maintained with organic, ecological methods.

The recipients of these projects are Don Carlos, Higinio, and Victor (and their respective families), the three local campesinos we employed on the Don Adolfo Project (DAP) back in January/February. During the DAP they were fully trained in Contour Lines methods, including marking contour lines with an A-level, planting them with fruit trees and companion plants, mulching and spraying of organic pesticides/fungicides. Now they are applying these methods to their own lands, as founders of their own projects and teachers to six new workers, two per project (who will be recipients of their own projects for the next round in November).

Below is the original video for the first round of projects, used to promote our successful GoFundMe Campaign – Agroforestry Projects in Guatemalan Community


The project owners, Don Carlos, Higinio and Victor, retain full rights to their land, produce and income. [See the contract on Google Drive] The role of Contour Lines Corp, beyond securing funds for the initial trees, worker salaries and other expenses, is to continue supporting the projects with equipment and training in pruning, organic spraying, processing, marketing or other needs.

Don Carlos with his family in Tatín Village

We only plant corn. Corn this season, corn next season. We would like to plant trees and other crops, but the seeds cost money, and we have very little.

-Don Carlos Enrique Caal

Updates
We completed installation of all orchards on June 3rd. The six days of labor include:
-2,040 meters of contour lines installed (680 per site), marked with 1,200 resprouting stakes (400 per site)
-All 300 fruit trees planted (100 per site )
-All 900 guama seedlings seeded and germinating (300 per site)
-Four neem seedlings delivered and planted for future fungidice/herbicide use.
-Six workers employed, trained, and ready for their own projects in November.

Don Carlos and Higinio mark Contour Lines at the Tatín Village Project.
Worker-trainees haul stakes for marking Contour Lines.
Sean from Contour Lines explains tree spacing to worker-trainees.
Worker-Trainees unload donated fruit trees in Tatín Village

Objectives
The objectives of installing agroforestry systems in Tatín Village encompass the whole economic-ecological-social pyramid, similar to the nearby Don Adolfo Project. The main difference would be the location and benefactors. Rather than for a large landowner, the Tatín Village Project develops communal lands of a Mayan Q’echi village, directly benefiting locals who have been living far below the poverty line.

  1. Economic
  • Organic produce.  Worker/community sustenance as well as income from local and foreign sales.  Produce includes both short-term (cassava, banana, taro, maize) and long-term crops (fruit trees),  all with value-adding potential such as chips, flours and jams.
  • Employment. For six local campesinos (as well as training and future ownership of own enterprises)
  • Tourism.  Hiking, camping, bird-watching eco-tourism and agro-tourism.

2. Environmental

  • Using agroecological methods, such as erosion control lines, cover-crops and mulching, polycultures and organic pesticides, fungicides and fertilizers:
  • Ecosystem restoration.  From eroding, chemical cornfields to organic, biodiverse (agro)forests
  • Ecosystem services. Including carbon sequestration, air and water purification and wildlife habitat.

3. Social

  • Education.  In sustainable agriculture practices (contour lines, organic fertilizers and pest control, mulching, composting etc.) through training employees, hosting workshops and guiding tours. 
  • Health.  Supplying local, organic food should improve diets and reduce malnutrition.  Improved ecosystems should reduce stress, micro-climate extremes, air pollution, etc.
  • Cultural.  Improved food-autonomy, less dependence on foreign imports.  Furthermore, locals may develop greater appreciation for their native ecosystem, and possibly by extension for their Mayan ancestry, through the common principles of farming ecologically.

    See our Mission and Vision, and
    Why Contour Lines pages.
Don Carlos shows his remaining maize harvest.

Budget (estimated, May 16)
Total costs are 20,998.6 GTQ or 2,741.3 USD, divided into startup and maintenance categories:

1. Total startup costs are 10,675 GTQ or 1,393.6 USD, which includes the tree seedlings, transport and labor/training for the six local workers.

2. Total maintenance (1 year) are 5,520 GTQ or 720.6 USD, which includes labor and equipment for pruning, cleaning/mulching and organic spraying.

See full budget report (estimated) on Google Sheets.

Budget (actual, June 26th)
The real costs to date have been 13,629 GTQ, or 1,767.7 USD, which includes the fruit trees, companion plant nursery, labor for installation and first round of cleaning.

The remaining costs to date are an estimated 9,500 GTC, or 1,232 USD, which includes the two remaining cleanings, pruning and organic spraying.

See full budget report (actual) on Google Sheets

Further Links
-Our crowdfunding campaign to finance the Tatín Village Projects. Please visit and donate.
-Our Contour Lines Corp. Facebook page

Don Adolfo Project: Pasture to Agroforestry

In January 2019, Contour Lines began planting its pilot site for the Livingston area: the Don Adolfo Project (DAP). Don Adolfo is a local landowner who committed two acres to the project, removing the land from his dairy operation in the hopes of a future agroforestry system.

Meeting with Don Adolfo to plan the project. Oct., 2018.

An avid birder and tree-lover, he dreams of restoring his pastures to forest, eventually phasing out the dairy operation… while still generating a livelihood however, to support his family and maintain the land. Meanwhile, Sean (Contour Lines founder) was looking for land to plant an agroreforestation model, designed to restore soil fertility, generate income, and employ and train local campesinos. Through the common goals of regenerative land use, the DAP was born.


A Timeline of our work. From installing to planting to harvesting, the DAP demonstration site employs and trains locals on all stages of the agroforestry conversion:

  • First we cleared the site, chopping most of the existing vegetation, a mix of pasture weeds and pioneer trees. (Endangered native trees like San Juan and Santa Maria were not cut).
  • Then we market the lines, using an A-level and marking with stakes of madre de cacao (which will resprout and help form the “living” terrace walls.
  • The cut trunks and brush we piled along the contour lines to reinforce their erosion-control function.
  • For shorter term production, we planted between the lines yuca, chaya, banana, pineapple, sugarcane and others.
  • To restore soil fertility in more degraded areas, we seeded “fertilizer bean” (Mucuna pruriens) and left the land fallow.
  • [Update, Dec., 2019: after the beans have improved the soil (through fixing nitrogen, building rapid biomass, and changing the vegetation structure), we are now re-clearing restored areas to plant more annuals.]
Higinio preparing cassava cutting for transplant.
Don Carlos prepares the “fertilizer beans.”
  • For longer term production, we planted the contour lines with 200 fruit trees: mango, avacado, lime, orange and rambutan.
  • Coconut, breadfruit, jackfruit and others we planted in the corners and along the roads.

The original trainees plus more workers from Tatin Village have been employed over the months to maintain the pilot project site, while learning skills such as pruning, organic pest control, and maintenance of contour lines/support trees.

Higino, Cergio and Don Carlos prune an orange tree.
Sean harvesting yuca.

The main goal of the DAP is a demonstration site, that educates and promotes regenerative agriculture models throughout the Livingston region.

Specific objectives span the economic-environmental-social trifecta:

Economic

  • Organic produce. Worker/community sustenance as well as income from sales. Produce includes both short-term (cassava, banana, taro) and long-term crops (fruit trees), all with value-adding potential such as chips, flours and ferments.
  • Employment. For three local campesinos, as well as training, and then ownership of own projects. [See Tatin Village Project]
  • Tourism. Hiking, camping, bird-watching eco-tourism and agro-tourism.
Selling DAP yuca to local restaurant (Nov. 2019)

Environmental

  • Using agroecological methods, such as erosion control lines, cover-crops and mulching, polycultures and organic pesticides, fungicides and fertilizers:.
  • Ecosystem restoration. From eroding cow pastures to (agro)forests.
  • Ecosystem services. Carbon sequestration, air and water purification, soil building and wildlife habitat.

Social

  • Health. Supplying local, organic food should improve diets and reduce malnutrition. Improved ecosystems should reduce stress, micro-climate extremes, air pollution, etc.
  • Cultural. Improved food-autonomy, less dependence on foreign imports. Furthermore, locals may develop greater appreciation for their native ecosystem, and possibly by extension for their Mayan ancestry, through the common principles of farming ecologically.
  • Education. In sustainable agriculture practices (contour lines, organic fertilizers and pest control, mulching, composting etc.) through training employees, hosting workshops and guiding tours. The DAP site is perfectly situated along the main road for demonstration purposes.
Family of Don Carlos, the original DAP trainee and current project owner.
Outcomes. A one-year update.
  • Education/training – The original 3 trainees, Don Carlos, Higinio and Victor, learned skills here such as pruning, organic pest control, and marking contour lines. They have since applied them to their own project on their own land in Tatin Village. Six other workers from local communities have worked on the site at various times, becoming introduced to these methods.
  • Tree planting – 200 fruit trees planted. survival rates 90%, establishing, happy
  • Annuals production – 400 lbs of yuca harvested. only trial portion of site was planted with production annuals (the rest in “fertilizer bean”). Good thing, as much of that was eaten by invading cows, which entered because of fence-cutting humans [see firewood theft below].
  • Land regeneration – 2 acres of former pasture have improved soil fertility. frijol beans, 1-yr of cattle exclusion/fallow

A valuable lesson learned: Loss of the contour walls. About 70% of the wood piled along the contour lines has been stolen. The wood, from weed trees cut during the initial installation, were intended as erosion control barriers, which appear very effective at accumulating soil and forming terraces in areas where wood remains. Sadly, where wood has been removed the erosion control function of the contour lines is severely reduced.

The reason for theft of the wood is for use/sale as firewood, the main source of cooking throughout the Livingston Area. Don Adolfo and I have determined several solutions:
1. Greater presence to deter theft, including the building of a residence overlooking the site.
2. Planting species with no firewood value, such as jobo (Spondias mombin) or chino (Bursera simaruba), and using the trunks of banana or papaya to build the contour walls.
3. Improving neighbor relations, including offering firewood from other parts of the property.
4. Locating projects where there is less need for firewood. Don Adolfo’s lies on the outskirts of the Livingston population center; In the distant Tatin Village, by contrast, firewood theft is non-existent because all community members have their own land and their own supply.

The Tatín Village Projects are underway

Please donate to help plant these agroforestry systems.   Only $20 covers five rambutan, eight mango or ten citrus trees.  Contour Lines is registered as a 501(c)(3) for tax-deductible donations. Click here to Donate to the campaign.

See more on these projects:
Tatín Village Project – Round 1
Tatín Village Project – Round 2

Special Thanks to
-Don Adolfo of Livingston, Guatemala
-Don Carlos Caal Romero, Higinio Chub Ax, Victor Chun Caal Sr. & Jr. and Ernesto Ax Chun, campesinos of Tatin
-Arnoldo Ax Chun and Samuel Coc of Apro-Sarstun
-Dwight Carter of Fruta del Mundo
-Thomas Leonard of Contour Lines Corp
-Juan Pablo Martinez and the rest of the Wübu Team

Swales at Thrive Upstate

Hugelkultur Berms and Swales at Thrive Upstate

Thomas Leonard and Carlos Terry built a system of berms and swales on contour at The Generous Garden Project at Thrive Upstate in Greenville, SC. 

The objective of these water-harvesting ditches was to reduce erosion by slowing the downhill flow of water and trapping organic matter. In addition the swales hold water allowing it to percolate into the ground.  This additional ground water provided superior plant growth of perennials, fruit trees and shade-tolerant annuals .

The system was built in four hours by a team of two people

  • First, the team used an A frame to mark the contour lines.
  • Second, they lined them with fallen logs and branches collected from the adjacent forest. 
  • Third, they used an excavator to dig a ditch uphill from the marked contour lines.  This depression resulted in the swale. 
  • Finally, the excavated soil was piled downhill to cover the wood, which formed the berm.

Lastly, the berms were planted in a poly culture of different crops.  Perennials such as mint, asparagus, strawberries, rudbeckia and artichokes were planted on the shady edge.  Crimson clover and peas were used as a cover crop to fix nitrogen and compete with weeds. The ends of the berms were planted with apple and pear trees that were trained to the fence.


Check out other Contour Lines projects:

Don Adolfo Project: Pasture to Agroforestry
Tatín Village Project – Round 1 and Round 2
Wubu: Model for Rural Development
Bamboo Replanting on the “Dry Hills” at Wubu
Rainwater Harvesting at Witherspoon Retreat
Contour Terraces in Minca, Colombia